The use of the term "Macedonian" in modern time-a historical flashback

[Kapetan Doukas]

How many times have we heard our northern neighbors claiming that they called themselves "ethnic Macedonians" from time immemorable while the use of the terms "Macedonia", "Macedonian" and all its derivatives by the Greeks is a recent invention that serves political purposes?Let's make a historical flashback in order to reveal the truth to our ignorant brainwashed neighbors,because they act always according to their own moto: "Knowledge is power,hide it well"

Let's see first whether modern Greeks were acquainted with Macedonian history:



"Imperial Ideology and Political Thought in Byzantium 1204-1330"
by Dimiter Angelov,Cambridge University Press, 2007
http://books.google.com/books?id=Vce6EJAcHA4C&printsec=frontcover&dq=imper ial+ideology+and+political+thought+in+byzantium&lr =&hl=el#PPA97,M1


History of the Greek Revolution: Compiled from Official Documents of the Greek Government,by John Lee Comstock,1828
http://books.google.com/books?id=cQIMAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=histo ry+of+the+greek+revolution+compiled+from+official+ documents+of+the+greek+government&lr=&hl=el#PPA360 ,M1

Did really the modern Greeks start to use the term "Macedonian" only after 1988 as the Scopians claim?There is a lot of evidence for the opposite:

Adamantios Korais in his "Σάλπισμα πολεμιστήριον" (War bugle call) published in 1821,calls the enslaved Greeks to uprise against the Ottomans as follows:

Οι Ηπειρώται ενθυμήθητε τα κατορθώματα των προγόνων σας....Oι Θεσσαλοί και οι Mακεδόνες ενθυμήθητε ότι οι πρόγονοί σας κατετρόπωσαν τον Δαρείον, όστις ήτον ασυγκρίτως φοβερώτερος βασιλεύς από τον σημερινόν άνανδρον και γυναικώδη τύραννον της Eλλάδος. Oι Πελοποννήσιοι και οι λοιποί Έλληνες μη λησμονήσετε τα τρόπαια, όσα κατά των βαρβάρων ανέστησαν οι προπάτορές σας· και σεις ανεξαιρέτως οι Mαϊνώται συλλογίσθητε ότι είσθε αίμα Σπαρτιατών·όλοι ομού, όσοι με το λαμπρόν όνομα των Ελλήνων δοξάζεσθε..

"Epirotans,remember the achievents of your ancestors....Thessalians and Macedonians,remember that your ancestors totally defeated Darius,who was incomparably more terrible king than the present unmanly and effeminate tyrant of Greece.Peloponnesians and the rest of the Greeks,don't forget the trophies that your ancestors erected thanks to their victories against the barbarians.And especially you,the Maniates,bethink that you are blood of the Spartans.All of you together,who are glorified by the bright name of the Hellenes...."

http://books.google.gr/books?id=iy5CAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA13
In Panagiotis Soutsos' "Apanta",dating from 1851,we shall find the text of a theatrical work where the author calls those Greeks who were still under Ottoman rule to uprise against the Turks by the phrase: <Τo arms,Epirotans!Τo arms,Macedonians!Τo arms,Thessalians!In your sacred lands 3 centuries already passed,slaves and silent>.



http://books.google.com/books?id=UoUTAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA103&vq=Μακεδόνες&dq=Ηπε ιρώται+Μακεδόνες&lr=&hl=el&source=gbs_search_s&cad =1

We can also read in the monthly literature magazine "Pandora" dating from 1858 the speech of the principal of the Hellenic school of Thessaloniki,K.Nikoklis.Notice how many times he uses the term "Macedonians" for the Greek inhabitants of Thessaloniki:


http://books.google.gr/books?lr=&hl=...AQAAJ&pg=PA453

Τούτο μανθάνομεν και σήμερον εκ του εξής λόγου ον ο μουσοτραφείς,γνωστός δε και παρ’ ημίν,διευθυντής της εν Θεσσαλονίκη σχολής Κ.Νικοκλής εξεφώνησε κατά τας τελευταίας εξετάσεις .Το σχολείον τούτο είναι διοργανωμένον κατά τα παρ’ ημίν ελληνικά.;διδάσκεται δε περιπλέον εν αυτώ και ιστορία,ιδίως της Μακεδονίας και ουχί ατόπως;διότι η Μακεδονία πρώτη αισθανθείσα την ανάγκην της ενώσεως συμπάσης της Ελλάδος,συνήψεν επιμελώς τα κέρματα αυτής,και ένδοξον έφερε το όνομα της ελληνικής φυλής και εις τα πέρατα της Ασίας....
"We learn this today,from the speech below,given during the last exams by the known to us principal of the Thessalonian school K.Nikoklis.This school is organized like our Hellenic schools.There is taught furthermore history,especially the history of Macedonia and not unjustifiable.Because Macedonia,feeling first of all the need for the unification of the whole Greece,attached carefully her pieces and brought glorious the name of the Greek race in the edges of Asia..."

"Οι Μακεδόνες εδείχθησαν πάντοτε ένθερμοι φίλοι της παιδείας.Πρό μεν του αγώνος και σχολεία είχον και άνδρας πεπαιδευμένους και συγγραφείς;σήμερον δε και εις το ανώτατον μουσοτροφείον και εις τα λοιπά εκπαιδευτήρια,και εις την κυβέρνησιν της ελευθέρας Ελλάδος άφθονον παρέχουσι τον διανοητικόν αυτών έρανον."
"The Macedonians have always proved themselves earnest friends of education.Prior to the liberation struggle they had schools,educated men and authors as well.Today they offer their mental contribution in the highest university,in the rest of the other faculties and in the goverment of free Greece"


http://books.google.gr/books?lr=&hl=...AQAAJ&pg=PA454

Some excerpts from the speech of the school principal:
"Η σημερινή λοιπόν αγία ημέρα προς τη ιερότητι,την οποίαν θρησκευτικώς περιβάλλεται έχει διά τήν Θεσσαλονίκην και την εν αυτή Μακεδονικήν νεολαίαν και άλλην επισημότητα"
"This holy day,girded by a religious sacredness,has another formality for Thessaloniki and her Macedonian youth..."

"..εν αυτή ταύτη τη ημέρα πανηγυριζεται επισήμως η διανοητική πρόοδος των νέων Μα κεδόνων.."
"... in the same day is oficially celebrated the mental progress of the young Macedonians..."

"...πας Μακεδών πρέπει να έχει πάντοτε κατά νουν..."
"...every Macedonian must always have in mind..."

"...έξεστι φίλοι Μακεδόνες ευδαίμοσι και εις το μέλλον γενέσθαι οικείοις παραδείγμασι χρωμένοις".
"...it's possible,Macedonian friends,to become happy in the future,using your own instances..."

"Τί άρα προσδοκα η κλεινή αύτη πάλαι ποτέ πόλις ίνα και τοϋ λαμπρού παρελθόντος μη φανεϊ χείρων και εις το μέλλον συναριθμήται μετά τών Αθηνών,της Σμύρνης,της Κων σταντινουπόλεως?παιδείαν,αγαπητοί αδελφοί,παιδείαν αληθή,βάσιμον,ηθικήν καί τα’άλλα πάντα προστεθήσεται αυτή."
"So what expects this once glorious city,in order to look not worst than its bright past and to be classified in the future amongst Athens,Smyrna,Constantinople?Education,
dear brothers,education real,stabilized,moral..."

"...ϊνα μη και εν τω παρόντι πάθωμεν ότι καί πάλαι ποτέ οι πρόγονοι ημών Μακεδόνες βάρβαροι παρά τών αδελφών ημών Ελλήνων καλούμενοι δια τόν ήττονα πολιτισμόν εν μέσω τοσούτων αρετών,τοσούτων τροπαίων,τοσαύτων λαμπρών πολιτικών πράξεων.Και τω όντι όσω μέγα καί άν υπήρξε το Μακεδονικόν έθνος όσω θαυμαστά κατορθώματα καί αν άφήκεν ουδέν άλλο επαινείται παρά της Ιστορίας, τοϋ αδεκάστου εκείνου κριτηρίου των ανθρωπίνων πράξεων ειμή μόνον ότι συνετέλεσεν εις την ευδαιμονίαν της ανθρωπότητος,εις τον εξευγενισμόν τοϋ έθνους και την διάδοσιν της παιδείας και του τότε πολιτισμού.Πόσοι Μακεδόνες βασιλείς υπήρξαν από Καράνου μέχρις Αλεξάνδρου του Μεγάλου? καί όμως ολίγοι εξ αυτών ιστορούνται μετ’ επαίνου,ολίγοι κοσμοϋσι τας σελίδας της λαμπράς των Μακεδόνων ιστορίας καί μόνον εκείνοι όσοι μετάσχοντες Ελληνικής παιδείας καί πολιτισμοΰ διέδωκαν αυτά και εις τους υπ’ αύτοϋς συντελέσαντες βασιλικώς εις τον εξευγενισμόν και την παίδευσιν του όλου έθνους".
"in order not to suffer exactly the same as our ancient ancestors the Macedonians,who were called barbarians by our Greek brethren,due to their inferior civilization,allthough they had so many virtues,so many trophies,so many bright political acts.Indeed,although the Macedonian tribe was so great and left so admirable achievements,nothing else is praised by history,this unbridable judge of the human acts,but only whatever contributed to the hapiness of humanity,to the ennoblement of the nation and to the spread of the education and the civilization of that time.How many Macedonian kings existed from Karanus till Alexander the Great?Nonetheless,very few of them are praised,few decorate the pages of the bright Macedonian history,and only those who participating in the Greek culture and civilization spreaded these to their subjects,contributing royally to the ennoblement and the education of the whole nation".

"...Αλέξανδρος ο μέγας τών Ελλήνων βασιλεύς."
"...Alexander,the great king of the Greeks".


http://books.google.gr/books?lr=&hl=...AQAAJ&pg=PA455
"...μόνα τά σχολεία είναι κοινά εις πάντας διότι εν αυτοίς παιδεύονται καί νότειοι καί βόρειοι Μακεδόνες,καί Θεσσαλοί και Θράκες και Βούλγαροι καί Αλβανοί"
"Only our schools are common for everybody,because there are studying south and north Macedonians,Thessalians,Thracians,Bulgarians,Alban ians..."
"Η παιδεία μόνη,φιλόμουσοι Μακεδόνες, μόνη η παιδεία..."
"Only education,philomath Macedonians..."


http://i490.photobucket.com/albums/rr267/vertken/pandora456.gif
http://books.google.gr/books?lr=&hl=...AQAAJ&pg=PA456
"Ευδαίμων θέλει είναι και συ πολιά μητρόπολις των Μακεδόνων."
"You will also be happy,hoary metropolis of the Macedonians..."
"Οι πολίται σου ως φοίνικες υψικάρηνοι θέλουσιν ανθεί του λοιπού καρπούς φιλομουσίας και φιλοκαλίας,καρπούς συντείνοντας εις τον καταρτισμόν των σχολείων, τήν πρόοδον της νεολαίας καί τήν ώριμον υποδοχήν του νεωτέρου ελληνικού πολιτισμού"
"Your citizens like tall palm trees will blow from now on the fruits of the love of education and the love of beauty,fruits that will contribute to the progress of the youth and to the mature reception of the newest Greek civilization"


http://i490.photobucket.com/albums/rr267/vertken/pandora457.gif
http://books.google.gr/books?lr=&hl=...AQAAJ&pg=PA457
"Αλλ’ εάν αναλογισθεί τις ότι εκ των πέντε μαθητών της τάξεως εκείνης….οι δε τρεις παρ’ ων και πλέον προσδοκά η πατρίς απήλθον εις Ελλάδα χάριν ανωτέρας παιδεύσεως και επιστημονικής σπουδής."
"But if someone bethinks that out of the five pupils of that grade.....the three,of whom the homeland expects more went to Greece for the sake of the highest education and the scientific course..."
"Αν είναι βέβαιον,φίλτατοι Θεσσαλονικείς, ότι τα φώτα ημών και τον πολιτισμόν περιμένομεν εκείθεν ένθα η εστία των φώτων και η κοιτίς του Ελληνικού εθνισμοϋ, αν είναι αληθές ότι αι κλειναί Αθήναι ως πάλαι ποτέ και σήμερον σπεύδουσι γιγαντιαίοις βήμασι νά καταστώσι παίδευσις ου μόνον της Ελλάδος αλλ’ απάσης της Ελληνικής φυλής, εν τε τη ανατολή και δύσει,τις δεν θεωρεί την εν Αθήναις εκπαίδευσιν τεσσάρων φιλτάτων μοι μαθητών, τεσσάρων χρηστών και ευπόρων τής πατρίδος γόνων, Χαρίτωνος,Λυσάνδρου,Μάρκου και Λεωνίδου,ως καλόν οιωνόν αισιωτέρου διά τα σχολεία της Μακεδονίας μέλλοντος?"
"If it's sure,dear Thessalonians,that we expect from there our enlightening and the civilization,where is the seat of the enlightement and the cradle of the Greek nationality,if it's true that glorious Athens as in the ancient times are walking and today with gigantic steps to become the school not only of Greece but of the entire Greek nation in the East and in the West,is there anyone who doesn't consider the studies in Athens of four beloved to me pupils,four good and wealthy offsprings of the homeland,Hariton,Lysandros,Markos and Leonidas,as a good omen for a more auspicious future for the schools of Macedonia?"


http://i490.photobucket.com/albums/rr267/vertken/pandora458.gif
http://books.google.gr/books?lr=&hl=...AQAAJ&pg=PA458
"είθε μη γένοιτο ποτέ να εξέλθη εκ τών σχολείων της Θεσαλονίκης,της περιφανοΰς λέγω πάλαι ποτέ κατά τε την ευσέβειαν και την ορθοδοξίαν Θεσσαλονίκης νέος ημιμαθής, νέος δοκησίσοφος,αθετών την Ιεράν και αμώμητον αυτοΰ θρησκείαν…τοΰτο θέλει είναι κηλίς ανεξάλειπτος εις τον χαρακτήρα και τον εθνισμόν των νέων Μακεδόνων…"
"May it never happen to graduate from the schools of Thessaloniki,the proud in the old time of its devoutness and Orthodoxy Thessaloniki,a sophomoric and wiseacre youngster,who renounce his holy and unpoluted religion...This will be an inextinguishable blotch in the character and the nationality of the young Macedonians"


http://i490.photobucket.com/albums/rr267/vertken/pandora459.gif
http://books.google.gr/books?lr=&hl=...AQAAJ&pg=PA459
"ιστορία Μακεδονική από των διαδόχων Αλεξάνδρου τοϋ Α μέχρι της καταστροφής τού Μακεδονικού κράτους 4 ώρας και ημίσειαν…"
The pupils were taught "Macedonian history,from the time of Alexander I and his succesors till the destruction of the Macedonian state,four and half hours weekly"


http://i490.photobucket.com/albums/rr267/vertken/pandora460.gif
http://books.google.gr/books?lr=&hl=...AQAAJ&pg=PA460
"Εκ δε των αλλοδαπών εις είναι εκ της Σερβίας,εις εκ Σκοπίων,εις εκ Κοζάνης,εις εκ Βελβενδού,3 εκ της Χαλκιδικής..."
"Among the foreign (he actually means "non-Thessalonians" since he includes both Greeks and non-Greeks alike in the group of "foreigners") pupils there is one from Serbia,one from Skopje,one from Kozani,one from Velvendos,3 from Halkidiki..."
So there was studying even a... Skopjan pupil in the Hellenic School of Thessaloniki in 1858.


http://i490.photobucket.com/albums/rr267/vertken/pandora461.gif
http://books.google.gr/books?lr=&hl=...AQAAJ&pg=PA461
"μηδέποτε ανεχόμενοι να φανήτε ανάξιοι των προσδοκιών αυτής και του λαμπρού παρελθόντος των προγόνων ημών Μακεδόνων"
"Don't show yourselves unworthy of the expectations of your homeland and of the bright past of our Macedonian ancestors"

Now let's see how used the ancestors of the Scopians to call themselves at the same time:

The report of the Carnegie commission about the attrocities that were commited in the Balkan wars:








From H. Brailsford's "Macedonia,its races and their future",1906:



http://www.archive.org/stream/macedoniaitsrace00braiuoft

Even Krste Misirkov himself,the father of "Macedonism" wrote in his "Za makedontsite raboti"-On Macedonian matters in 1903:

"We did indeed call ourselves "Bulgarians" and "Christians" in the national sense"
"We were given, in our common fate, the common name of Bulgarians right up to the liberation of Bulgaria, and even after the liberation of Bulgaria this remained a tradition in Macedonia."
http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/On_Macedonian_Matters#National_separatism_-_the_soil_on_which_it_has_grown_and_will_continue_ to_grow_in_the_future
"And, anyway, what sort of new Macedonian nation can this be when we and our fathers and grandfathers and great-grandfathers have always been called Bulgarians?"
"We named ourselves Bulgarians, as one man uses his name, let’s say Petar."
"So in the 14th century Macedonians officially were named Serbs, and they didn’t find any reason to despise it or be angry for it. They didn’t find anything bad in that name".

"So, up to the arrival of the Turks, we were renamed three times: 1.Slavs 2.Serbs 3.Bulgarians

[akritas]

The Museum of the Macedonian Struggle Foundation is pleased to present to the international public its latest publication, Μακεδονία (Macedonia): A Greek Name in Modern Usage.

It is not the aim of this publication to analyse the political controversy between Greece and the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia over the name of the latter. For a detailed study of this issue please see our recent publication Athens-Skopje: An Uneasy Symbiosis (1995–2002), edited by Evangelos Kofos and Vlasis Vlasidis, KEMIT/MMSF (Thessaloniki) and ELIAMEP (Athens), 2005.

The present publication is a unique effort prepared by scholars and graduate students of our research department (KEMIT). By means of visual and documentary material they seek to present the powerful impact of the Macedonian name on Greek society, administration, social life, culture and economy since the integration of Greek Macedonia with the Modern Greek State in 1912.

This is by no means a surprise for the Greeks. The use of the term ‘Macedonia’ and its derivatives is commonplace in the Greek language since antiquity. It has been used extensively and uninterruptedly not only as a geographical term but also as a powerful symbol of Hellenism in Classical and Hellenistic antiquity, the middle ages and in modern times.

The present research study simply demonstrates the extensive—indeed impressive—presence of the term ‘Macedonia’ in modern Greek usage, both as a regional and as cultural appellation. It has been and is still considered as a regional token of Hellenism; a token beyond challenge.

If the ample evidence presented by this publication cannot contribute to a sober dialogue about the proper identification of the diverse Macedonian variants, at least it can explain why Greeks—especially Greek Macedonians—cannot consent to the monopolistic use of their own name and culture by another state and a Slavonic people.

Read and download it from the below link


http://www.scribd.com/doc/9344680/Ma...n-Modern-Usage

[Kapetan Doukas]

Time to update this thread with all the magnifficent stuff we have discovered in the last two years:

In the first year of the Greek revolution against the Ottomans there was held a congress of "Eastern Continental Greece" in the town of Amphissa in Central Greece,from 15 till 20 November 1821.The participants were representatives of Central Greece (Στερεά Ελλάδα or Rumeli),Thessaly and Macedonia.There were 3 Macedonian representatives,Ioannis Skandalidis and Ioannis Vizoulas from Salonica and Geogios Cassandrinos from the peninsula of Cassandra in Halkidiki.Ioannis Skandalidis signed as "Iωάννης Σκανδαλίδης,ο Μακεδών"=Ioannis Skandalidis,the Macedonian.



http://books.google.gr/books?id=1E0I...page&q&f=false



http://books.google.gr/books?id=1E0IAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA75


"Those provinces of Thessaly,of Macedonia e.t.c. and those Aegean islands that are today or shall be later,as liberated,under the administrative jurisdiction of Eastern Continental Greece,and accept what has been decided in the assembly of Salona,fully preserve the right,when f.e. Thessaly has established her own administration in her towns and regions after having completely abolished tyrrany,to detach the Thessalian ones and connect them administratively with their siblings and ethnically with Greece;the same is applied to the Macedonian ones,when the same will happen in Macedonia too e.t.c.,the same is applied to the islands,when the same will happen in the Aegean Sea."


http://books.google.gr/books?id=1E0IAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA86


The list with all the delegates and the regions they represent:

From Macedonia:Ioannis Skandalidis and Ioannis Vizoulas.
There was another Macedonian,Georgios Kassandrinos,from the Cassandra peninsula of Chalkidiki.


http://books.google.gr/books?id=1E0IAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA87

Notice above how the Greeks of Macedonia used in 1821 the term "Macedonian" as their regional name,just as Thessalian representatives in the same list signed as "Thessalos"(Θεσσαλός),representatives from Lidoriki as "Lidorikios"(Λοιδουρίκιως) e.t.c.
Ioannis Skandalidis,o Makedon=the Macedonian!


http://books.google.gr/books?id=1E0IAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA89

And all this in 1821.So,dear Fyromians we don't lie,we don't need to falsificate documents or to invent some,like your hoax with the so-called "rules of the Macedonian Committee of Kresna" in 1878.You never showed the original document,not even a copy of it.

[Kapetan Doukas]

"Αι Σέρραι μετά των προαστείων,τα περί τας Σέρρας και η μονή του Τιμίου Ιωάννου Προδρόμου,συμβολή ιστορική και αρχαιολογική υπό Πέτρου Ν. Παπαγεωργίου,1894"
Serres with the suburbs,its vicinity and the Saint John Prodromus Monastery,historical and archaeological contribution by Petros N. Papageorgiou,1894"


http://books.google.com/books?ei=1xg...#search_anchor

This book contains the earliest so far attested instance in modern time of the use of the term "Macedonians" as regional descriptor by the Greeks of Macedonia,dating from 1755.The author writes on page 52 of an old manuscript he discovered that contained the Sacred Sequence that was chanted in the old Metropolitan Church of the two Saint Theodores,Saint Theodore Teron and Saint Theodore Stratelates,who were the patron Saints of the city of Serres till the time of the Balkan wars (This Church was destroyed in the great conflagration of Serres that was set by the retreating Bulgarian army in 1913).According to the manuscript,the sequence "was first composed in the time of the Bishop Gennadios,it was revised in the time of Bishop Theofanes and of Bishop Stefanos,and now it is copied in the time of Bishop Ioannikios,in 1755"


http://books.google.com/books?ei=1xg...#search_anchor

Pay attention to the lyrics:


http://books.google.com/books?ei=1xg...#search_anchor

"I sing my thanks to the protectors of Serres
to the Theodores,who signed their names with their blood,
to Teron and Stratelates,but since your glory is endless
guard the Macedonians from dangers,so that we call you
hail you sacred duet".

Another similar case is recorded in the Saint John Prodromus Monastery near Serres.The first Patriarch of Constantinople after the Ottoman conquest in 1453,Georgios Gennadios Scholarios,after his resignation in 1459 spent the last years of his life as monk in that Monastery and got buried there.The author says that his remnants were taken from his grave in 1854 and there was the following inscription:


http://books.google.com/books?ei=1xg...#search_anchor

"This is the Monastery of Prodromus,which is praised by the people with songs,
the hoary mother of the sacred Macedonians,and this is the coffin of Patriarch Gennadios whose glory was great,the immortal deceased"

[Kapetan Doukas]

N. Spiliadis was a fighter of the Greek revolution of 1821 who wrote his memoirs under the title "Aπομνημονεύματα της νέας ιστορίας της Ελλάδος" (Memoirs of the new history of Greece).
In the following abstracts he describes the events of the revolution in the regions of Naousa and Veria in Macedonia.Notice how he applies the term "Macedonians" to the Greeks of Macedonia,using it interchangeably with "Greeks" in most occassions:


http://books.google.com/books?id=jCxCAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA1


http://books.google.com/books?id=jCxCAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA310

"Likewise the Macedonians in Naousa failed too.Zaphirakis Logothetis,who delivered Ypatros to the Turks because he didn't reveal his mission in details but only told him he was sent to convince him that the Greeks should support Ali Pasha (of Janina) while he was his sworn enemy,had already uprosen against the Turks,though with some delay,together with Karatasios,Gatsos and others,who became the leaders of many Macedonians..."


http://books.google.com/books?id=jCxCAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA311

"...he invaded Verria with an army of 15.000 men.Karatasios moved that night towards the town with two thousand Macedonians to set it on fire and start the slaining of the enemies.....The Turks blocked him and he repelled them fighting for two days,and on the third day Gatsos came to assist him,they repulsed together the enemy and escaped to the mountains.There were killed around two thousand Turks and only four Greeks.After that,Abdul Abut moved to Naousa..."


http://books.google.com/books?id=jCxCAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA312

"...so the Greeks dispersed and Tsiamis leading around thousand Macedonians retreated fighting to the mountains.Eventually Abdul Abut besieged Naousa..."


http://books.google.com/books?id=jCxCAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA313

"Zapheirakis didn't dare to join them and flee to liberated Greece to save himself because he was afraid of exasperated Karatasios,since the calamities of their homeland were considered as his own fault.He was pursued in the mountains by the Turks too,betrayed and killed together with 25 of his men.Such was the end of Naousa within few days.However the Greeks managed to kill thousands of Turks.And what great deeds could the brave Macedonians have accomplished,if they had all together simultaneously uprosen against the tyrrany of the Turks!"

[Kapetan Doukas]

Baron Konstantinos Belios,a very rich merchant of Vienna whose origin was from the village Vlasti,Kozani region and some other prominent Greeks from Macedonia founded in the 1830s near Atalanti,Lokris (Central Greece,modern Lamia prefecture)a settlement called "Nea Pella" for the fighters from Macedonia who fought during the Greek war of independence.

Belios published a book in 1837 titled "Πρακτικά του ευγενεστάτου βαρώνου κυρίου Κ.Μπέλλιου Μακεδόνος,συλλεγέντα υπό των αυταδέλφων Δ. κσι Ν. Αργυριάδων,των εκ Σιατίστης της Μακεδονίας"

Records of the noblest baron Mr. K. Bellios the Macedonian,collected by the brothers D. and N. Argyriadis,(who are)from Siatista of Macedonia:


http://books.google.com/books?id=OQtCAAAAcAAJ&pg=PP9

Some very interesting abstracts from his book showing that the Greeks of Macedonia were already using the term "Macedonians" as their reegional name in 1836:


"Προς τον ευγενέστατον άρχοντα βαρώνον κύριον Κωνσταντίνον Μπέλιον
Η φήμη των οποίων προς την φιλτάτη μας πατρίδα Ελλάδα,εξαιρέτως δε εις την Μακεδονίαν επράξατε ευεργεσιών.."

"To the noblest lord, Baron Mr. Konstantinos Belios

The reputation of the benefactions you have commited for our dearest homeland Greece and especially in Macedonia..."


http://books.google.com/books?id=OQtCAAAAcAAJ&pg=PP11


"Δέξασθε λοιπόν,αξιοσέβαστε ευεργέτα και μόνε ή μετ' ολίγων προστάτα των Μακεδόνων τας παρακλήσεις μας ταύτας και αποκριθήτε υμίν το δοκούν σας.
Βιέννη τη 5 Μαϊου 1838 Δ. και Ν. Αργυριάδαι"
Thus receive our plea,respectable benefactor and lonely or one of the few protectors of the Macedonians and respond
in the way you consider to be proper

Vienna,May 5,1838,D.and N.Argyriadis bross

"Κύριοι Δ. και Ν. Αργυριάδαι...
ο μόνος και κυριώτερος σκοπός μου είναι και θέλει είσθαι το να εκπληρώ τα προς την πατρίδα Ελλάδα και εξαιρέτως εις την Μακεδονίαν μας οφειλόμενά μοι απαραίτητα χρέη..."
Mr. D.and N.Argyriadis bross...
my only and main aim is and will be to fulfill the neseccary duties towards my homeland Greece and especially Macedonia...



http://books.google.com/books?id=OQtCAAAAcAAJ&pg=PP13


"οι Μακεδόνες μας,των οποίων οι τιμήσαντες τ' όνομα αδελφοί των συνοικίζονται ήδη εις την Νέαν Πέλλην της Λοκρίδος"
Our Macedonians,whose brothers honouring their name already are settled in Nea Pella of Lokris.
"Θέλω σας δώσει,κατ' αίτησιν σας,και άλλα τινά γράμματα επίσημα περί ταύτης της υποθέσεως καθώς και ενσφράγιστον κατάλογον των βιβλίων μου,τέλος δε και τα ονόματα των συνδραμόντων δι΄εμού φιλογενών Μακεδόνων και λοιπων φιλανθρώπων και φιλοκάλων ανδρών.Επί πάσι δε και νουθεσίας τινάς προς τους εν Ελλάδι φιλτάτους μου συμπατριώτας Μακεδόνας."
"Ι will send you,after your request,and some other official letters concerning this issue and a sealed list of my books too,and finally the names of the Macedonian patriots and other charitable and gentle persons who help me.And some advices to all of you and to my dearest Macedonian compatriots in Greece".


http://books.google.com/books?id=OQtCAAAAcAAJ&pg=PP14



"Προς τους φιλτάτους μοι συμπατριώτας Μακεδόνας"
To my dearest compatriots the Macedonians


http://books.google.com/books?id=OQtCAAAAcAAJ&pg=PP15

"αι σκιαί των διαπρεψάντων εις το θέατρον της δόξης Σωκράτους, Πλάτωνος, Αριστοτέλους και τέλος ή του μεγάλου εκεινου Αλεξάνδρου του καθ' ολην την Ασίαν εκτείναντος το Έλληνικόν φρόνημα εφαίνετο παρακινούσα όλους εις την φιλομάθειαν και ηθικήν αναγέννησιν μας;με βλέμμα προσηνές έβλεπε την συνοικοιζόμενην ήδη υπό της Πατρικής κηδαιμονίας της Α. Μ. του Βασιλέως Ελλάδος ΟΘΩΝΟΣ νέαν Πέλλην ,καί τους καρτερόφρονας και ανδρείους απογόνους του: τον οπλαρχηγόν Καρα Τάσιον, τον συνάμιλλόν του ατρομητον Χ.Χρήστον, και όλον το πλήθος των εις την ελευθέραν Ελλάδα ανδρείων Μακεδόνων. Στεντώρειος φωνη εξήρχετο από τα ενδότατα της Ασίας,οπου εξέπνευσε την μεγάλην του ψυχην,και από της Αφρικής τα άκρα όπου είναι τεθαμμένη η κόνις του, Ιδού ω Μακεδόνες, λέγουσα,ο Νέος αντ' εμού πατήρ σας και Βασιλεύς,ός τις όχι ολιγώτερον απ' εμέ θέλει σας αγαπήσει;ιδού η νέα πατρίς σας αντί τής οποίας αφήσατε,είς την οποίαν ηδη, άν φρονήτε ορθώς, θέλετε εύρει παν ό,τι εχάσατε;εδώ θέλετε χαίρειν τά δικαιώματα ευνομουμένου λαού και την ατομικήν σας ασφάλειαν ; εδώ εις την νέαν πατρίδα σας θέλω συγκατοικήσει κ’αγώ,εδώ θέλουσιν ελθείν και όλαι αι λαμπραί σκιαί των συνακολουθησάντων με εις την Ασίαν προγόνων σας ευρίσκουσαι περίθαλψιν πατρικήν υπό την Αιγίδα του καλού Βασιλέως της Ελλάδος ΟΘΩΝΟΣ".

The shadows of the distingusihed in the theater of glory Socrates,Plato,Aristotle and finally of that Great Alexander,who spread throughout Asia the Greek thought,seem to urge all of us towards studiousness and moral regeneration;with his friendly stare he looked at Nea Pella which was already founded by the paternal care of H.M. the king of Greece Otto and his patient and brave descendands:chieftain Karatasos,his equivalent Ch.Christos and all the crowd of the brave Macedonians who reside in free Greece.A loud voice came from the interior of Asia,where his great soul expired and from the edge of Africa where his dust is burried,saying:This is,Macedonians,your new father and king instead of me,who shall love you no lesser than me;this is your new homeland,instead of that which you left behind,in which you shall find if you have good mentality all what you have lost;here you shall enjoy the rights of a well-governed people and your personal security;here in your new home i shall also dwell with you,here shall come and all the bright shadows of your ancestors who followed me up to Asia,finding paternal care under the auspis of the good king of Greece Otto.


http://books.google.com/books?id=OQtCAAAAcAAJ&pg=PP17


Eπιτροπή περί του συνοικισμού των Μακεδόνων-Commission for the settlement of Macedonians

Ευγενέστατε Κύριε Βαρώνε!
Ασμένως εμάθομεν την φιλάνθρωπον πράξιν σας, δι' ης συνεδράμετε το δημοτικόν νοσοκομείον Αθηνών με σημαντικά αφιερώματα,και νομίζομεν χρέος μας να σας προσφέρωμεν την ευγνωμοσύνην των οποίων αντιπροσωπεύομεν συμπολιτών μας Μακεδόνων, δια την πρόνοιαν την οποίαν ελάβετε και περί αυτών εις την γενναίαν ταύτην αγαθοεργίαν σας;Απεδείξατε εντεύθεν,Κύριε συμπολίτα ότι δεν αγνοείτε την κατάστασιν,εις την οποίαν ήδη ευρίσκονται οι κατά την Ελλάδα Μακεδόνες μετά την απώλειαν της πατρίου αυτών γης;τους ηρωικούς αγώνας και πολυχρονίους ταλαιπωρίας υπέρ της ελευθερίας.Δια της πατρικής κηδεμονίας του Βασιλέως Ημών οι Μακεδόνες συνοικίζονται σήμερον εις την Αταλάντην της Λοκρίδος,κτίζοντες πόλιν υπό το ονομα Νέαν Πέλλαν.Κατοίκησαν δε ήδη εις αυτήν περι τας εβδομήκοντα οικογενείας Μακεδόνων,και άλλαι περί τάς τετρακοσίας, καταγραφείσαι μέχρι τούδε εις τους καταλόγους, δεν ηδυνήθησαν διά την έλλειψιν των μέσων νά αποκατασταθώσιν ακόμη;Όσον κοινωφελής είναι η επιχείρησις, τόσον απαντά δυσχερείας,
και εμπόδια ανυπέρβλητα ώς εκ της απορίας των συνοικιζόμένων.Οι κατά διάφορα μέρη της Ευρώπης αποκαταστημένοι συμπατριώται μας δύνανται να εξομαλίσωσι κατά μέγα μέρος τάς δυσχερείας ταύτας διά της συνδρομής των.Και οι υποφαινόμενοι κρίνοντες εκ του χαρακτήρος, και των αισθημάτων, με τά οποία τιμάτε τό Μακεδονικόν όνομα, δεν θεωρούν άλλο συντελεστικότερον μέσον εις την επίτευξιν της συνδρομής ταύτης,όσον την ευγενή σύμπραξίν σας.Δια τούτο ετόλμησαν νά αναθέσωσιν εις υμάς αυτό το έργον διά του ώδε επισυνημμένου επιτροπικού,παρακαλούντες υμάς να ευαρεστηθήτε να δεχθήτε αυτό ευμενώς, και να πράξητε ό,τι προσδοκώσιν από την φιλανθρωπίαν των συμπολιτών μας τά Ήρωϊκά λείψανα των υπέρ της ελευθερίας της κοινής πατρίδος αγωνισαμένων Μακεδόνων.

Έν Αθήναις την 9 Ιαννουαρίου 1837,

Η επιτροπή
Αθανάσιος Πολυζωίδης,Γ.Χρηστίδης,Γ.Αθανασίου,Θεοφάνης Σιατιστεύς

Noblest Mr. Baron

We learned with pleasure your charity act,when you benefited the municipal hospital of Athens with important offerings and we consider as our duty to express to you the gratitude of our Macedonian compatriots whom we represent,for the concern which you showed towards them through this great benefaction of yours*.So you should prove,Mr. compatriot that you don't ignore the conditions under which live the Macedonians that reside in Greece,after the lose of their fatherland,their heroic struggles and their age-long sufferings.Through the paternal care of our king the Macedonians are settled today in Atalanti of Lokris,founding a town with the name Nea Pella.There are already settled around 70 Macedonian families,and some 400 other,already registered in the list could not settle so far,due to lack of money.Although it's a project useful to public interest,it meets with many difficulties and obstacles,due to the poverty of the people that are to be settled there.Our compatriots residing in various parts of Europe might help to overcome these predicaments.And we ourselves who sign below,judging by your character and the sentiments,through which you honour the Macedonian name,consider there is no other more effective way to achieve this than your noble contribution.Therefore,we dared to assign this task to you,through this attached document,pleading you to accept it with favorable intensions,and to make what expect from the charity of our compatriots the heroic remnants of the Macedonians that fought for the freedom of our common homeland.

Athens,January 9,1837

The Commission

Athanasios Polyzoidis,G.Christidis,G. Athanasiou and Theofanis Siatisteus.


http://books.google.com/books?id=OQtCAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA17



http://books.google.com/books?id=OQtCAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA18

*Two years before,on December 20,1836,Belios had donated to the municipal hospital of Athens some large estates and according to one of the terms of the contract (term γ) the hospital should buy new nursing beds with the incomes of these estates.Term ε also reads:

"Αείποτε και εις οιανδήποτε περίστασιν οι Μακεδόνες έξουσι δικαίωμα προτιμήσεως επί τούτων των κρεβατίων;όθεν,άμα όπου ήθελε παρρησιασθή ασθενής Μακεδών,ενδεής δηλ. και απροστάτευτος,αμέσως και άνευ της παραμικράς δυσκολίας να είναι δεκτός,αν καινόν κρεβάτι του συμπατριώτου του και κτίτορος ήθελεν είσθαι.Εις έλλειψιν ενδεών ασθενών Μακεδόνων,θέλουν είσθαι δεκτοί έτεροι ασθενείς Έλληνες μη Μακεδόνες άνευ εξαιρέσεως".
Always and in every occasion the Macedonians have the right to be prefered for hospitalizing on these beds;hence,if there appears a Macedonian patient,pauper and unprotected,he should be immediately accepted,if there is an empty bed of his compatriot and benefactor.In case there aren't any Macedonian pauper patients,then there should be hospitalized other Greek non-Macedonian patients without exception.



http://books.google.com/books?id=OQtCAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA4

[Kapetan Doukas]

The Greek scholar Dionysius Pyrros from Thessaly published in 1818 the "Methodic Geography of the whole universe,on behalf of his friends and pupils and the Hellenic genus":


Pyrros applied the term "Macedonians" to the Greeks of Macedonia:

The Hellenes,says Mr.Gasparis,the descendands of those ancient Hellenes who due to their noble ethics,a privilege which is a result of the sciences and the arts,and their extreme activity,bravery,patriotism,became the first of all races,which became the teachers of all other European races.These present day Hellenes are identical with their great ancestors in regards to the beliefs,that is they are hospitable too,patriotic,studious,devoted to God and confident in their faith,which is peculiar only to proper Hellenes….All Hellenes,especially the Macedonians and the Thessalians are hospitable…”

[Kapetan Doukas]

Though the following document is not that old (1907) it is nevertheless a valuable testimony of how the Greeks of Macedonia used at that time the term "Macedonians" as their regional name:


http://www.archive.org/stream/easten.../n123/mode/1up



http://www.archive.org/stream/easten.../n124/mode/1up



http://www.archive.org/stream/easten.../n125/mode/1up

[Ptolemy]

The following document is a sample of the immense sacrifices commited by
Macedonians in favor of their motherland Hellas. Its an application written by
Chrysafis Anastasiou, a Macedonian as himself signs, to the
Greek government with date 19.6.1865 where inside he describes his
soul-stirring life story. He was born in Naoussa, Macedonia. He
participated like many other Macedonians in the Greek revolution where he had
his father and many of his relatives, including his mother and sister, killed.
Himself was captured by Turks and after 3 years in capture, his surviving
relatives paid ransom and managed to be released. This Macedonian like his
relatives “never stopped fighting for Greece” while “praising the
names of Liberty and Greece“. In 1865, while being old and ill,
he requested from the related commitee of the Greek government a frugal help
through this application.



From magazine “Makedonika”

http://history-of-macedonia.com/word...erland-hellas/

[Ptolemy]

Another rare document from the British Foreign Office dating back from 1905.

The Macedonian Refugees in Greece form small bands and cross the borders to
assist the Greeks of Macedonia against the abuses
from the Bulgarian Committees.

Another rare document, found on the library of the Academy of Athens. A letter, dated
back from the 3rd June of 1832, sent by the
Elders of ThessaloMagnetoMacedonians to Ioannes Kolettis. Like we examined
in previous article , Ioannes kolettis had been appointed as representative of the
<acedonians in the Greek National Assembly of 1827. The letter proves for
once more that Macedonians, even during the establishment of the first Greek
State, considered themselves as Greeks, contrary to the forefathers of modern
FYROM’s Slavs that considered themselves but also were considered by others
as Bulgarians.

The document is
found on the library of the Academy of Athens (Kolettis
Collection).

http://history-of-macedonia.com/word...tomacedonians/