---

Crimes Against Humanity have most recently been defined in Article 7 of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court.


1. For the purpose of this Statute, "crime against humanity" means any of the following acts when committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack directed against any civilian population, with knowledge of the attack:


(a) Murder;


(b) Extermination;


(c) Enslavement;


(d) Deportation or forcible transfer of population;


(e) Imprisonment or other severe deprivation of physical liberty in violation of fundamental rules of international law;


(f) Torture;


(g) Rape, ***ual slavery, enforced prostitution, forced pregnancy, enforced sterilization, or any other form of ***ual violence of comparable gravity;


(h) Persecution against any identifiable group or collectivity on political, racial, national, ethnic, cultural, religious, gender as defined in paragraph 3, or other grounds that are universally recognized as impermissible under international law, in connection with any act referred to in this paragraph or any crime within the jurisdiction of the Court;


(i) Enforced disappearance of persons;


(j) The crime of apartheid;


(k) Other inhumane acts of a similar character intentionally causing great suffering, or serious injury to body or to mental or physical health.


2. For the purpose of paragraph 1:


(a) "Attack directed against any civilian population" means a course of conduct involving the multiple commission of acts referred to in paragraph 1 against any civilian population, pursuant to or in furtherance of a State or organizational policy to commit such attack;


(b) "Extermination" includes the intentional infliction of conditions of life, inter alia the deprivation of access to food and medicine, calculated to bring about the destruction of part of a population;


(c) "Enslavement" means the exercise of any or all of the powers attaching to the right of ownership over a person and includes the exercise of such power in the course of trafficking in persons, in particular women and children;


(d) "Deportation or forcible transfer of population" means forced displacement of the persons concerned by expulsion or other coercive acts from the area in which they are lawfully present, without grounds permitted under international law;


(e) "Torture" means the intentional infliction of severe pain or suffering, whether physical or mental, upon a person in the custody or under the control of the accused; except that torture shall not include pain or suffering arising only from, inherent in or incidental to, lawful sanctions;


(f) "Forced pregnancy" means the unlawful confinement of a woman forcibly made pregnant, with the intent of affecting the ethnic composition of any population or carrying out other grave violations of international law. This definition shall not in any way be interpreted as affecting national laws relating to pregnancy;


(g) "Persecution" means the intentional and severe deprivation of fundamental rights contrary to international law by reason of the identity of the group or collectivity;


(h) "The crime of apartheid" means inhumane acts of a character similar to those referred to in paragraph 1, committed in the context of an institutionalized regime of systematic oppression and domination by one racial group over any other racial group or groups and committed with the intention of maintaining that regime;


(i) "Enforced disappearance of persons" means the arrest, detention or abduction of persons by, or with the authorization, support or acquiescence of, a State or a political organization, followed by a refusal to acknowledge that deprivation of freedom or to give information on the fate or whereabouts of those persons, with the intention of removing them from the protection of the law for a prolonged period of time.

---

---

In July 1995, troops commanded by Mladić, harried by NATO air strikes intended to force compliance with a UN ultimatum to remove heavy weapons from the Sarajevo area, overran and occupied the UN safe areas of Srebrenica and Žepa. At Srebrenica over 40,000 Bosniaks who had sought safety there were expelled. An estimated 8,300 were murdered, allegedly on Mladić's order. In November 1995, when Judge Fouad Riad indicted Mladić of genocide in Srebrenica at the war crimes tribunal in The Hague (ICTY), he stated that the events were "Truly scenes from hell, written on the darkest pages of human history".


The Srebrenica massacre, also known as the Srebrenica genocide, refers to the July 1995 killing, during the Bosnian War, of more than 8,000 Bosniaks (Bosnian Muslims), mainly men and boys, in and around the town of Srebrenica in Bosnia and Herzegovina, by units of the Army of Republika Srpska (VRS) under the command of General Ratko Mladić. The mass murder was described by the Secretary-General of the United Nations as the worst crime on European soil since the Second World War. A paramilitary unit from Serbia known as the Scorpions, officially part of the Serbian Interior Ministry until 1991, participated in the massacre and it is alleged that foreign volunteers including the Greek Volunteer Guard also participated.

---

---

The Greek Volunteer Guard (Serbian: Grčka Dobrovoljačka Garda, Greek: Ελληνική Εθελοντική Φρουρά) was a unit of Greek volunteers that fought in the Bosnian War on the side of Bosnian Serbs. Members of the unit participated in the Srebrenica Massacre and reportedly hoisted a Greek flag over the town on Ratko Mladić's instigation.


In the Ingeborg Beugel’s documentary "The Greek way" by Dutch public broadcaster IKON, investigating Greek complicity with Serbia in the Bosnian war, a director of the semi-official Athens News Agency, Nikolas Voulelis, admitted to widespread censorship. The Greek media had been fanatically pro-Serb during the wars, portraying Yugoslav Muslims as "infidel Turks" bent on destroying their Orthodox brethren. Voulelis said that "Editorial interference was a given."


In 2005 Greek deputy Andreas Andrianopoulos called for an investigation. On 10 July 2005, 163 Greek academics, journalists and political activists issued a call for Greece to officially apologise to the victims of Srebrenica for the Greek role in the atrocity. After asserting that Greek public opinion had been misinformed about the alliance with the Milosevic regime, their statement called for the Greek state to apologise publicly to the families of the 8,000 slaughtered, to indict the Greek ‘volunteers' who had fought in Bosnia alongside Karadzic and Mladic and dishonoured the Greek flag by raising it over the carnage at Srebrenica, and to pursue the 'supposedly unknown' people who manipulated them.

---

---

Following his arrest, Mladić appeared before the Belgrade Higher Court for a hearing on whether he was fit to be extradited to the Hague. Judge Milan Dilparić suspended interrogation due to his poor health. Mladić's lawyer Miloš Šaljić said that his poor health prevented him from properly communicating. He was allegedly unable to confirm his personal data, but attempted to talk to the prosecutors on several occasions, especially to Deputy War Crimes Prosecutor Bruno Vekarić. However, the court ruled that he was fit to be extradited on 27 May. According to the Serbian Health Ministry, a team of prison doctors described his health as stable following checkups. Mladić was also visited in prison by Health Minister Zoran Stanković, a former friend.

---

---

Jauntily applauding his war crimes judges and giving them a thumbs up, Ratko Mladic showed he had lost none of the swagger of the soldier who stands accused of masterminding Europe's most horrific killing spree in modern times. Nor did the man once dubbed the "Butcher of Bosnia" and the "Beast of the Balkans" show any remorse: catching the eye of a woman in the audience — a survivor of the massacre he is accused of ordering in Srebrenica — Mladic ran his hand across his throat. The throat-cutting gesture prompted presiding judge Alphons Orie to hold a brief recess and order an end to "inappropriate interactions."
This was just the first day of Mladic's trial at the United Nations war crimes tribunal in The Hague. Mladic, who led the Bosnian Serbian army during the 1992-95 war in Bosnia, is charged with 11 counts of war crimes and crimes against humanity, including the massacre of 8,000 Muslim men and boys at Srebrenica in 1995. Now nearly 70, he spent 15 years on the run in Serbia before being captured by Serb special forces last May. He is also charged with orchestrating the 44-month siege of Bosnia's capital Sarajevo, during which an estimated 12,000 people died.

---

---

---

---

It has been said [< by whom: Donski or Stefov:confused::rolleyes:] that the name derives from the Ancient Macedonian "Mogila" which means graveyard.

---

---

29 декември - Лобаница - неделя

Макар и да бяхме казали да бъдем тайничко, но всички ни узнаха даже и гъркоманския поп Герман, поиска да доди при нас. Позволихме му и доде. Тоя брат до там се е погърчил, щото почна да ни говори една българска две гърцки. Подигнахме въпроса за народността му, той се помъчи всячески да ни докаже, че ние сме гърци! Като не можа да изложи факти, които му поискахме, почна да развива историята за великия Александър Македонски, че не сме нито гърци, нито българи, а сме македонци, без да помисли, че во Македония има и турци и евреи и от много други нации. Човек, който не разбира от история и да почни да ти проповедва со нея, това е много смешно! Ние не искахме да влизаме в повече разпри с него и затова го зарезахме.

Basil Tsekalarov:

Στις 29 Δεκεμβρίου ο Τσακαλάρωφ βρίσκεται στο χωριό Λαμπάνιστα (Άγιος Δημήτριος Καστοριάς) και έγραψε στο ημερολόγιό του:

Αν και είχαμε πει να είμαστε κρυφά, παρ όλα αυτά όλοι μας κατάλαβαν ακόμα ακόμα και ο γραικομάνος παπάς Γκέρμαν, ζήτησε να έρθει σε μας. Του επιτρέψαμε να έρθει. Αυτός ο αδελφός σε τέτοιο βαθμό είχε εξελληνιστεί, που άρχισε να μας μιλά και μια βουλγαρική λέξη έλεγε και δύο ελληνικές. Αναφερθήκαμε στο ζήτημα της εθνικότητάς του, αυτός προσπάθησε με κάθε τρόπο να μας αποδείξει ότι είμαστε Έλληνες! Αφού απέτυχε να παρουσιάσει τα στοιχεία που του ζητήσαμε, άρχισε να αναπτύσσει την ιστορία του Μεγάλου Αλεξάνδρου του Μακεδόνα, ότι δεν είμαστε ούτε Έλληνες ούτε Βούλγαροι, αλλά είμαστε Μακεδόνες, χωρίς να σκεφτεί ότι στην Μακεδονία έχει και Τούρκους και Εβραίους και πολλά άλλα έθνη. Κάποιος που δεν γνωρίζει την ιστορία και αρχίσει να σου κάνει κήρυγμα για αυτήν είναι πολύ αστείο! Δεν θέλαμε να μπούμε σε περισσότερες διαμάχες μαζί του και για αυτό τον σταματήσαμε.

---